In 'When Affirmative Action Was White', Ira Katznelson presents a compelling examination of the racial inequalities embedded in the policies of the New Deal and the post-World War II era in America. Katznelson's meticulous research delves into how these policies, while seemingly neutral, were implemented in a way that overwhelmingly favored white citizens, thereby contributing to the racial wealth gap that persists today. The book challenges the conventional understanding of affirmative action by highlighting historical injustices that have long been overlooked. Katznelson's narrative is both engaging and enlightening, as he deftly connects historical events with their long-term impacts on contemporary society. The book is a crucial read for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of racial inequality in the United States. It not only sheds light on past injustices but also encourages discussions on how to address these issues moving forward. Katznelson's work is a significant contribution to the discourse on race, policy, and affirmative action, offering a fresh perspective that is both informative and thought-provoking.